Brown, Jane D. and Kelly
L. L'Engle. “Sexual Attitudes and Behaviors Associated With U.S. Early
Adolescents' Exposure to Sexually
Explicit Media.” Communication Research
36.1 (Feb. 2009):129-151. JSTOR. Web. 3 Nov. 2015.
This article is about the exposure of sexual based media to adolescence
and their reaction to it. It explains the types of media used within the study:
Pornography, X Rated Movies, etc. and the outcomes on teenage men and women of
various social and economic backgrounds. I don’t plan on using this source
because it goes off on a tangent I am not directing my paper.
Chant, S. "Researching Gender, Families and Households
in Latin America: From the 20Th into The21st Century." Bulletin of Latin American Research 21.4 (2002): 545-575. Academic Search Premier.Web. 6 Oct. 2015.
This paper goes over the main issues surrounding the
familial unit. It reviews how gender roles have changed and the effects that
has had on the family and society as well such as women heading households, men
staying home with family, and women being more involved within the world. It
also reviews how stereotypes play a part on gender roles within the 21st
century. It shows how the changes are different than a century ago and what
could be behind these changes such as society, the media, and culture. I don’t
think I plan on using this source anymore due to the study only covering Latin
America.
Cuklanz, Lisa M. "Mass Media Representation Gendered
Violence." The Routledge Companion
to Media&
Gender (2011): n. pag. Academic
Search Premier. Web. 13 Oct. 2015.
This chapter in this book is about how the media portrays
men and women in high stress, usually violent situations. It explains the way
men are usually the violent ones, causing drama and harm and/or they are the
heroes, saving the day in the most masculine way possible. On the other hand,
this chapter explains that women are usually portrayed as weaker and always in
need of help or saving, they are almost always the victim. The media is not
only aware of this portrayal, but continues to include this outdated
stereotype. I plan on using this source as a way to demonstrate specific
examples of shows, movies, and films that have this strict gender cast.
Dill, Karen E., and Kathryn P. Thyll. "Video Game Characters
and the Socialization of Gender Roles: YoungPeople’s Perceptions Mirror Sexist
Media Depictions." Sex Roles 57.11
(Oct. 2007): 851-864 JSTOR.
Web. 2 Nov. 2015.
This article is about the sexualization of women and the
masculine way men are portrayed in videogames. It is a study that drawn many
connections between video games and the media and the common goal they have. I
plan on using this source because it gives a new angle to the argument of media
portrayal.
Grabe, Shelly and et al. “The role of the media in body
image concerns among women: A meta- analysis of experimental and correlational
studies.” Psychological Bulletin 134.3
(May 2008): 460-476.PsycARTICLES.
Web. 3 Nov. 2015.
This study is going over how many different types of effects
the media can cause when portraying the ideal woman. It lists 141 different
mental effect out of 77 different subjects. I plan on using this to show again
how much the media impact the viewer in ways that are not all positive.
Jones, Amy H. "Visual and Verbal Gender Cues In the
Televised Coverage of the 2010 Winter Olympics."The
Social Science Collection 6.2 (2010): 199-216. Academic Search Premier. Web. 6 Oct. 2015
This is a study that analyzes the visual and social cues
within sports and the media. It explains how the sex of commentator, angle of
the camera, wardrobe of the athletes, words and phrases used in speaking, etc.,
are all used to subliminally create a biased for or against a specific sex
within the sport. I want to use this source to show the techniques that the
media may use to create and enforce gender roles.
Knight, Jennifer L. and Traci A. Giuliano. “He's a Laker;
She's a “Looker”: The Consequences of Gender-Stereotypical Portrayals of Male
and Female Athlete.” Sex Roles 45:3
(Aug. 2001) 217-229.JSTOR.
Web. 2 Nov. 2015.
This article goes over the gender roles in sports based on
the audience’s preference. It explains that people’s preferences on athletes
were based on the coverage given. Women’s sports articles were based on the
attractiveness of the athlete verses men’s coverage was based on abilities and
game history. It goes on about the correlation of the media verse the audience.
I plan on using this source to once again show techniques the media uses to
change perceptions on women and men.
Lavrin, Ascunción. "Women, The Family, And Social
Change In Latin America." World
Affairs 150.2(1987): 109. Academic Search Premier. Web. 6 Oct. 2015.
This article is about the causes and effects of change
within the parameters of social life in Latin America. She explains how social
pressures and influences such as family, friends, and the media one is exposed
to can influence changes in one’s behavior. I don’t plan on using this source because
it is focus on only Latin America where as I was hoping to include a more broad
spectrum in my paper.
Mayeno, Laurin. “My Son Was a Princess for Halloween, and I
Became a Better Parent.” Huffington PostNews. Huffington Post News, 30
September 2015. Web. 13 Oct. 2015
This is an article that is about a mothers’ struggle with
her child not following the social norms of what boys are supposed to like. Her
boy preferred to play with dolls and dress up verses going outside and playing
in the dirt. After asking her son what he wanted to be for Halloween and he
answered a princess without hesitation, the struggle for her became even worse.
I want to use this source because it shows, on a personal and ordinary level,
that gender roles are hard to break out of fear is social criticism and what is
expected of them. Although this doesn’t follow my media is the cause- it does
show on a social level that gender norms are all around hard to break and the
messaging from the media doesn’t help.
Negra, Diane. "Gender Bifurcation in the Recession
Economy: Extreme Couponing and Gold Rush
Alaska." Cinema Journal 53.1 (2013): 123-129. Academic Search Premier. Web. 6 Oct. 2015.
She argues that when the US was in the recession, the media
broadcasted shows that enforced gender conformity to traditional roles. Women
were portrayed as homemakers in Extreme Couponing while men were portrayed as
bread makers and “real men” braving the rough terrain in Alaska for gold. I
plan on using this source as a way to show how the media is imposing their set of
gender roles.
Schneider, David. The Psychology of Stereotyping. New York:
2005. Print.
He shows the effects of what stereotyping can do. He traces
the origin of stereotyping and how it the media can reinforce these stereotypes
causing an overall negative effect of those being stereotyped. It can instill
fear or unreasonable praise. Both of which are out of place and can be
detrimental. I plan on using this source because it shows a technique the media
uses to enforce ideals without stating them directly. The media uses a system
already in place which makes reinforcement easier.
Smith, Stacy L., Dr., and Amy D. Granados. "Gender and
the Media." National PTA. AXA Foundation,2006. Web. 13 Oct. 2015.
They talk about a study that was done about the effects of
the media’s presentation of men and women within children’s shows-most of which
are negative. They then go into what can be done to help stop and reverse the
effects. I plan on using this source to show direct effects of exposing
children to enforced gender roles.
Stice, Eric and et al. “Relation of media exposure to eating
disorder symptomatology: An examination ofmediating mechanisms.” Journal of Abnormal Psychology 103:4
(Nov 1994) 836-840.PsycARTICLES.
Web. 3 Nov. 2015.
This article explains the correlation between media exposure
and eating disorders in men and women. It goes in depth of not only the eating
disorders themselves but the pathology of them and their causes my media. I
plan on using this source to show the effects of what the media is doing as
well as to show why this matters.
Ward, Monique L. “Understanding the role of entertainment
media in the sexual socialization of
American youth: A review of
empirical research.” Developmental Review
23.3 (Sept. 2003): 347–388. Science Direct. Web. 3 Nov. 2015.
This is a review of most of the studies done on the correlation
of the media and the sexual socialization of the youth in America. It goes over
the type of media and the different types of sexual content is within those
types of media. It then goes over the feelings and attitude differences
associated with that media when introduced to teens and College Students. I
plan on using this source to show a different type of gender role that is
spoken of much less, sexual drive.
Williams, Aleichia. “My Culture Taught Me to be a Homemaker.
Thanks, but I Want More.” HuffingtonPost News. Huffington Post News, 22
Sept. 2015. Web. 13 Oct. 2015.
She talks about how her cultural background created a sense
that all she would amount to was being a mom. She explains how she felt that
must have been true because the media agreed with what her parents were telling
her and that it wasn’t until high school that she realized she could do more. I
want to use this to show that the media isn’t the only force of conformity but
that it does enforce certain cultural ideals.
Wolska, Malgorzata. "Gender Stereotypes in Mass Media.
Case Study: Analysis of the Gender
Stereotyping Phenomenon in TV
Commercials." .Krytyka.org. N.p., 9 Sept. 2011. Web. 13 Oct.2015.
She argues that within everyday commercials and
advertisements, women and men are cast in traditional gender roles. By placing
women and men within the traditional roles, the media is telling everyone who
sees them that this is the way the world should work. I plan on using this for
the facts the case is analyzing.
Winter, Nicholas. "Masculine Republicans And Feminine
Democrats: Gender and Americans'
Explicit and Implicit Images of the Political
Parties.” Political Behavior 32.4
(2010): 587- 618. Academic Search Premier.
Web. 6 Oct. 2015.
He argues that even in politics, there is the traditional
gender roles in how men and women are associated within their political parties
and that then affects how the public and their peers view them within the world
of politics. The media comes into play here based on how each representative of
the parties are broadcast and talked about. I plan on using this souce because
it gives a “real World” example of how assumptions fit into gender role ideals
based on something everyone talks about: politics.
United States. Cong. HR. Energy and Commerce. Healthy Media for Youth Act. 111th
Cong.,2ns Sess.Serial No. 4925. Washington: HR,
2010. Web. 2 Nov. 2015.
This is a bill to create programs to empower girls and boys:
to help give them positive reinforcement against the media. I want to use this
bill because it shows that something has to be dine against this ideal the
media is spreading about what the world should look like.
United States. Cong. Senate - Health, Education, Labor, and
Pensions. Healthy Media for Youth Act.
111Th. Cong., 2nd sess. Serial No. 3852. Washington: Senate,
2010. Web. 2 Nov. 2015.
This is a bill to fund research on women’s portrayal in the
media. It is to see if the effects from said portrayal are positive or negative
and then to form a solution if needed. I plan on using this source because it
shows that there is concern for this problem on a federal level.
Woodward, Kath. Questioning
Identity: Gender, Class, Ethnicity. London: 2004. Print.
She explains how teens go through a phase where they
question everything about themselves and how most of them will turn towards the
media and internet for answers which can have a very negative effect on them.
She explains how the media can use this vulnerability to conform the next
generation into thinking and feeling one way verses another. Because of her
ideals on the direct correlation of media and teens I plan on using this
source.
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